# CIVL

> Civil & Civic Matters, Simplified


## Posts

- [Mutual consent divorce in India: process, timeline and documents](https://civl.in/mutual-consent-divorce/): A plain-English guide to mutual consent divorce in India: who can file, the one-year separation rule, first and second motion, waiving the cooling-off period, settlement terms, documents and how long it takes.
- [Tenant eviction in India: the legal process for landlords](https://civl.in/tenant-eviction/): A plain-English guide to tenant eviction in India: ending the tenancy by notice, grounds under rent control Acts and the Model Tenancy Act, filing the case, recent court rulings, the 2026 UP ruling and tenant rights.
- [EPF withdrawal: new 2026 rules, how much you can take out and how to claim](https://civl.in/epf-withdrawal/): A plain-English guide to EPF withdrawal in 2026: the simplified partial withdrawal rules, final settlement after job loss, pension withdrawal, the online claim process, TDS and EPFO grievances.
- [Flight refund rules in India: cancellations, delays and compensation](https://civl.in/flight-refund/): A plain-English guide to flight refund rules in India: the DGCA's 2026 refund rules, the 48-hour look-in option, refund timelines, compensation for cancellations, delays and denied boarding, and where to complain.
- [Insurance claim rejected? How to complain and get your money](https://civl.in/insurance-claim-rejected/): A plain-English guide for when your insurance claim is rejected: common reasons, IRDAI rules that protect you, the insurer's grievance officer, Bima Bharosa, the Insurance Ombudsman and consumer commissions.
- [Income certificate: how to apply online and what you need](https://civl.in/income-certificate/): A plain-English guide to the income certificate: who issues it, documents, applying online on e-District and state portals, timelines, validity, uses, and how it differs from an EWS certificate and an ITR.
- [Death certificate: how to register a death and get the certificate](https://civl.in/death-certificate/): A plain-English guide to the death certificate in India: who reports a death, the 21-day deadline, late registration rules (amended in 2023 and 2026), getting copies online, corrections and what you need it for.
- [Marriage registration: how to get your marriage certificate](https://civl.in/marriage-registration/): A plain-English guide to marriage registration in India: which law applies, documents and witnesses, the online process, the Special Marriage Act notice, Uttarakhand UCC rules and why the certificate matters.
- [Encumbrance certificate: what it shows and how to get it online](https://civl.in/encumbrance-certificate/): A plain-English guide to the encumbrance certificate (EC): what it shows, nil EC vs Form 15, how to apply online or at the Sub-Registrar, fees, timelines and its limits.
- [Sale deed registration: documents, stamp duty and the step-by-step process](https://civl.in/sale-deed-registration/): A plain-English guide to sale deed registration in India: why an agreement to sell is not enough, stamp duty and fees, documents, TDS on property, the Sub-Registrar visit, and mutation after registration.
- [Voter ID correction: how to fix your name, address or photo online](https://civl.in/voter-id-correction/): How to make a voter ID correction with Form 8: what you can change, the documents for each change, filing on voters.eci.gov.in or the ECINET app with Aadhaar-based e-sign, BLO verification, tracking, and downloading the corrected e-EPIC.
- [MSME delayed payment: how to file a complaint on the ODR portal](https://civl.in/msme-delayed-payment/): How micro and small suppliers recover MSME delayed payment: the 45-day rule, compound interest at three times the bank rate, filing on the MSME ODR portal (which replaced Samadhaan for new cases), MSEFC conciliation and arbitration, and the 75% deposit rule.
- [HRA exemption in 2026: new rules, Form 124 and how to claim](https://civl.in/hra-exemption/): How HRA exemption works from 1 April 2026: the least-of-three formula with a worked example, the eight 50% cities, Form 124 in place of Form 12BB, landlord PAN, rent receipts, rent paid to parents and claiming in your return.
- [Power of attorney registration: when it is needed and how to do it](https://civl.in/power-of-attorney-registration/): When a power of attorney must be registered and when notarisation is enough, how to register one at the Sub-Registrar, stamp duty, POAs signed abroad, revoking a POA and why a GPA does not transfer ownership.
- [Gift deed registration: stamp duty, documents and the step-by-step process](https://civl.in/gift-deed-registration/): A plain-English guide to gift deed registration in India: when it is compulsory, stamp duty and family concessions, documents, the Sub-Registrar visit, income tax, mutation and when a gift can be cancelled.
- [Gazette name change: how to change your name legally in India](https://civl.in/gazette-name-change/): How to do a gazette name change in India: name change affidavit, newspaper ads, Gazette of India Part IV application, fees, timelines and updating your IDs.
- [FSSAI registration: how to register your food business online](https://civl.in/fssai-registration/): How to get FSSAI registration online on FoSCoS: the new 2026 turnover limits (₹1.5 crore), registration vs State and Central licence, fees, documents and steps.
- [Udyam registration: how to register your MSME online for free](https://civl.in/udyam-registration/): How to do Udyam registration online for free: MSME limits from April 2025, who can apply, documents, step-by-step process, benefits and mistakes to avoid.
- [Birth certificate correction: how to fix errors and add a name](https://civl.in/birth-certificate-correction/): How to get a birth certificate correction in India under the RBD Act: which Registrar to approach, documents, adding the child's name, fees, timelines and appeals.
- [Passport application and police verification: a complete guide](https://civl.in/passport-application/): How to make a passport application in India on Passport Seva 2.0: fees, documents, the PSK visit, e-passports and how police verification works.
- [PAN card correction: how to change your name, date of birth and other details](https://civl.in/pan-card-correction/): How to do a PAN card correction online through Protean or UTIITSL: documents for name, date of birth and father's name changes, fees, steps, Aadhaar linking and tracking.
- [Aadhaar address update: how to change your address online](https://civl.in/aadhaar-address-update/): How to do an Aadhaar address update online on myAadhaar or at an Aadhaar centre: the ₹75 fee, accepted proofs, the Head of Family option, steps and status check.
- [Limitation period for civil cases in India](https://civl.in/limitation-periods/): Limitation period for civil cases in India: time limits for money, contract and property suits, appeals and execution, plus how acknowledgement and exclusions work.
- [How to register a will in India](https://civl.in/register-a-will/): How to register a will in India: why it helps, validity rules, documents, fee, witnesses, depositing a sealed will, probate and common mistakes.
- [RERA complaint: how to file against a builder](https://civl.in/rera-complaint/): RERA complaint explained: when you can file against a builder, refund and delay interest under section 18, compensation, online filing, fees, timelines and appeals.
- [Legal heir certificate: how to apply](https://civl.in/legal-heir-certificate/): Legal heir certificate explained: who issues it, who can apply, documents, the verification process, timelines and how it differs from a succession certificate.
- [Succession certificate: how to apply in India](https://civl.in/succession-certificate/): Succession certificate explained: when you need one for bank deposits and shares, when a nominee is enough, which court, court fee and the step-by-step process.
- [Property mutation (dakhil kharij): how to update land records](https://civl.in/property-mutation/): Property mutation (dakhil kharij) explained: what it does and does not do, documents, how to apply online or at the tehsil, objections, appeals and common mistakes.
- [Security deposit not returned? What tenants can do](https://civl.in/security-deposit-not-returned/): Security deposit not returned by your landlord? What can be deducted, how to protect your deposit, how to send a legal notice and where to file a case, explained.
- [Rent agreement registration and stamp duty: a complete guide](https://civl.in/rent-agreement-registration/): When is rent agreement registration compulsory? The 11-month rule, how stamp duty is worked out, Maharashtra’s leave and licence rules and the step-by-step process, explained.
- [How to file a consumer complaint online on e-Jagriti](https://civl.in/consumer-complaint-online/): File a consumer complaint online on e-Jagriti: who can file, which commission, fees (nil up to ₹5 lakh), documents, step-by-step filing, timelines and appeals.
- [How to file an RTI first appeal](https://civl.in/rti-first-appeal/): RTI ignored or refused? File an RTI first appeal within 30 days, free for Central offices. Grounds, format, online filing, timelines and second appeal, explained.
- [How to file an RTI online](https://civl.in/file-rti-online/): How to file RTI online on rtionline.gov.in: who it covers, the ₹10 fee, BPL exemption, the 30-day reply deadline, and how to appeal if you get no answer.
- [Cheque bounce case: the complete process](https://civl.in/cheque-bounce-case/): Cheque bounce case in India explained step by step: 30-day notice, 15 days to pay, filing the complaint, trial, interim compensation and the 2025 settlement cost rules.
- [How to send a legal notice in India](https://civl.in/how-to-send-a-legal-notice/): How to send a legal notice in India: when it is compulsory, what to write, how many days to give, and how to send it by Speed Post with proof of delivery.
- [Non-disclosure agreement (NDA) format](https://civl.in/nda-format/): NDA format (one-way and mutual) with notes on stamp duty, enforceability, non-compete limits and e-signing in India.
- [Partnership deed format](https://civl.in/partnership-deed-format/): Partnership deed format with clauses on capital, profit sharing and exit, plus stamp duty and firm registration explained.
- [Relinquishment deed format](https://civl.in/relinquishment-deed-format/): Relinquishment (release) deed format for heirs giving up a share in inherited property, with registration and stamp duty rules.
- [Gift deed format](https://civl.in/gift-deed-format/): Gift deed format for property with registration, stamp duty, witnesses and revocation rules explained.
- [Will format](https://civl.in/will-format/): Will format for India with the two-witness rule, optional registration, probate and common mistakes explained.
- [Indemnity bond format](https://civl.in/indemnity-bond-format/): Indemnity bond format for bank claims, duplicate share certificates and lost documents, with stamp duty and surety notes.
- [Address proof affidavit format](https://civl.in/address-proof-affidavit/): Address proof affidavit format with notes on stamp paper, notarisation and which offices accept it.
- [Name change affidavit format](https://civl.in/name-change-affidavit/): Name change affidavit format with the full process: notarisation, newspaper ads, Gazette notification and updating your documents.
- [Consumer complaint format](https://civl.in/consumer-complaint-format/): Consumer complaint format under the Consumer Protection Act, 2019: e-Jagriti filing, fees, 2-year limit and which Commission to approach.
- [RTI first appeal format](https://civl.in/rti-first-appeal-format/): RTI first appeal format under Section 19(1): when to file, the 30-day deadline, what to write and how to file online.
- [RTI application format](https://civl.in/rti-application-format/): RTI application format with plain-English steps: how to file online or by post, the ₹10 fee, the 30-day reply deadline and what to ask.
- [Reply to legal notice format](https://civl.in/reply-to-legal-notice/): Reply to legal notice format: how to answer each allegation, deadlines, what to include and mistakes to avoid.
- [Security deposit refund notice format](https://civl.in/security-deposit-refund/): Security deposit refund notice format for tenants whose landlord has not returned the deposit, with steps and next remedies.
- [Money recovery notice format](https://civl.in/money-recovery-notice/): Money recovery notice format for unpaid loans, invoices or salary, with the 3-year limitation rule and next steps explained.
- [Cheque bounce notice format (Section 138)](https://civl.in/cheque-bounce-notice-format/): Cheque bounce notice format under Section 138 NI Act with the 30-day, 15-day and one-month deadlines explained in plain English.
- [Legal notice format](https://civl.in/legal-notice-format/): Free guide and ready-to-use legal notice format: what to write, how many days to give, and how to send it with proof. No stamp paper needed.
- [Power of attorney format (general and special)](https://civl.in/power-of-attorney-format/): Power of attorney format (general and special) with notes on stamp duty, registration for property, NRI POAs and revocation.
- [NOC from property owner for GST and company registration](https://civl.in/noc-from-property-owner/): NOC from property owner format for GST and company registration: what to write, which documents to attach and common reasons for rejection.
- [Commercial lease agreement format](https://civl.in/commercial-lease-agreement/): Commercial lease agreement format for shops and offices: registration, stamp duty, lock-in, escalation and GST explained.
- [Residential rent agreement format](https://civl.in/rent-agreement-format/): Residential rent agreement format with plain-English notes on the 11-month rule, stamp duty, registration and what clauses to include.

## Pages

- [Interest calculator](https://civl.in/tools/interest-calculator/): Free interest calculator for India: work out simple or compound interest and the total due on a loan, bill, cheque, MSME payment or court decree, with part payments.
- [Rent receipt generator](https://civl.in/tools/rent-receipt-generator/): Free rent receipt generator for HRA: enter the tenant, landlord, rent and months to print monthly, quarterly or yearly rent receipts with the amount in words, PAN and revenue stamp box.
- [Limitation period calculator](https://civl.in/tools/limitation-period-calculator/): Free limitation period calculator for India: choose the type of case and the start date to find the last date to file a suit, appeal, consumer complaint, cheque bounce complaint or RTI appeal.
- [RTI application generator](https://civl.in/tools/rti-application-generator/): Free RTI application generator: answer six short steps and get a ready-to-file RTI application under the RTI Act, 2005, to print, save as PDF or download in Word.
- [Home](https://civl.in/): Know your rights in everyday legal matters, and get government paperwork done — explained step by step, in plain English, from official sources.
- [Civic Services](https://civl.in/civic-services/): Step-by-step guides to government paperwork in India: what to apply for, which documents you need, what it costs and how long it takes.
- [Civil Law](https://civl.in/civil-law/): Plain-English guides to the civil-law problems Indian citizens face most: property, tenancy, consumer disputes, money owed, builders and family matters.
- [Free Tools](https://civl.in/tools/): CIVL is building free legal tools that turn common legal questions into quick answers: how much stamp duty you will pay, what court fee applies, whether you are still within time, and how to word an RTI application.
- [Document Library](https://civl.in/documents/): Ready-to-use legal document formats for the papers Indian citizens and small businesses need most, each with a plain-English explainer on stamp duty, notarisation, registration and how to make it valid.
- [Ask CIVL](https://civl.in/ask-civl/): Ask CIVL is where you can send a question about a civil-law problem or a government service in India.
- [About CIVL](https://civl.in/about/): About CIVL in one line: CIVL (read as "civil") is an independent, plain-English guide to civil law and civic services for Indian citizens.
- [Terms of Use](https://civl.in/terms/): These terms of use in short: you may use CIVL for personal and business information, you may use purchased formats for your own documents, and CIVL content is not legal advice.
- [Disclaimer](https://civl.in/disclaimer/): This disclaimer in short: CIVL explains the law in plain English, but it is general information, not legal advice for your situation.
- [Privacy Policy](https://civl.in/privacy-policy/): This privacy policy in short: we collect only what we need to answer your questions and deliver what you buy, we do not sell your data, and you can ask us to correct or delete it.


[comment]: # (Generated by Hostinger Tools Plugin)